Choose a variety that fits your needs-
Popular varieties with their yield
PR 128: PR 128 of rice is an improved version of PAU 201. It possesses long slender clear translucent grains. Its average plant height is 110 cm and matures in about 111 days after transplanting. It is resistant to all the 10 presently prevalent pathotypes of bacterial blight pathogen in the Punjab state. Its average paddy yield is 30.5 quintals per acre.
PR 129: PR 129 of rice is an improved version of PAU 201. It possesses long slender clear translucent grains. Its average plant height is 105 cm and matures in about 108 days after transplanting. It is resistant to all the 10 presently prevalent pathotypes of bacterial blight pathogen in the Punjab state. Its average paddy yield is 30.0 quintals per acre.
HKR 47: HKR 47 is a mid-early maturity variety of rice. It takes 104 days to mature after transplanting and its average plant height is 117 cm. It is susceptible to all the 10 presently prevalent pathotypes of bacterial blight pathogen in Punjab and is prone to lodging. Its average yield is 29.5 quintals per acre. It is suitable for parboiling.
PR 111: It is short-statured, stiff strewed variety and it leave are erect and dark green in color. It matures in 135 days. Its grains are long, slender and clear. It is resistant bacterial leaf blight disease and gives average yield of 27 qtl/acre.
PR 113: It is short-statured, stiff strewed variety and its leave is erect and dark green in color. It matures in 142 days. Grain is bold and heavy. It is resistant bacterial leaf blight disease and gives average yield of 28 qtl/acre.
PR 114: It is semi-dwarf, stiff strewed variety having narrow, dark green erect leaves. It matures in 145 days. Its grains are extra-long, clear translucent grains with very good cooking quality. It gives average yield of 27.5 qtl/acre”
PR 115: It is semi-dwarf, stiff strewed variety having narrow, dark green erect leaves. It matures in 125 days. Its grains are long slender, translucent with good cooking quality. It gives average yield of 25 qtl/acre.
PR 116: It is semi-dwarf, stiff strewed variety. It show resistant to lodging. Its leaves are light green and erect. It matures in 144 days. Its grains are long, slender and translucent. Its average yield is 28 quintals/acre.
PR 118: It is a semi-dwarf, stiff strewed and lodging tolerant variety. Its leaves are dark green and leaves are erected. It matures in 158 days. Its grains are medium slender with good cooking quality. Its average yield is 29 qtl/acre.
PR 120: It is semi dwarf variety with long slender and translucent grains with high cooking quality. It matures in 132 days. It gives average yield of 28.5 qtl/acre.
PR 121: It is a short, stiff strewed variety. It shows resistance to lodging. Its leaves are dark green and erect. It matures in 140 days. Its grains are long, slender and translucent. It is resistant to bacterial blight pathogens. It gives an average yield of 30.5 qtl/acre.
PR 122: It is a semi-dwarf, stiff strewed variety having dark green erect leaves. It matures in 147 days. It possesses long slender translucent grains with good cooking quality. It gives average yield of 31.5 qtl/acre.
PR 123: It is semi dwarf, stiff strewed variety with dark green and erect leaves. Its grains are long, slender and translucent. It is moderately resistant to bacterial blight pathogen. It gives average yield of 29 qtl/acre.
PR 126: This variety is released by PAU for general cultivation in Punjab. It is an early maturing which gets mature in 123 days after transplanting. The variety is resistant to bacterial blight disease. It gives an average yield of 30qtl/acre.
PR 127: It is a medium maturing variety which matures in 137 days after seeding. The plant attains the average height of 104cm. The variety is not suitable for growing in alkali and brackish soils. It gives an average yield of 30qtl/acre.
CSR 30: The variety has extra-long slender shaped grains which are known for its excellent cooking and good eating qualities. The variety gets mature within 142 days after transplanting. It gives an average yield of 13.5qtl/acre.
Punjab Basmati 3: Developed by PAU Ludhiana. It has excellent cooking and eating quality. It is improved version of basmati 386. It is resistant to lodging and Bacterial Blight. Its grains are extra-long and having excellent aroma. It give average yield of 16qtl/acre.
Punjab Basmati 4: It is a high yielding variety and semi dwarf variety which is 96cm tall. It is a lodging tolerant variety and is resistant to bacterial blight. The variety gets mature within 146 days after transplanting. It gives an average yield of 17qtls/acre.
Punjab Basmati 5: It is also a high yielding variety which gives an average yield of 15qtls/acre. The variety gets mature within 137 days after transplanting.
PB 1509: Early maturing variety i.e ready to harvest in 120 days. It is susceptible to bacterial blight. Its grains extra long, slender and possess excellent cooking quality. It is suitable for multiple cropping pattern. It gives average yield of 15.7 qtl/acre.
Pusa Basmati 1121: Tall variety and ready to harvest in 137 days. Aromatic variety with longest cooking length and having great cooking quality. It gives average yield of 13.7 qtl/acre.
Pusa 44: Long duration variety and it is susceptible to bacterial blight.
Pusa Basmati 1637: Released in 2018. The variety is moderately resistant to blast diseases. The plant attains the height of 109cm. The variety matures in 138 days and it gives an average yield of 17.5qtl/acre.
Hybrid 6201: Suitable for irrigated areas. It give resistance to blast. It gives average yield of 25 qtl/acre.
Vivek Dhan 62: Suitable for hilly and irrigated areas. Its grains are short bold. It gives resistant to blast. Neck blast and it can survive in low temperature areas. It give average yield of 19 qtl/acre.
Karnataka Rice Hybrid 2: Suitable for irrigated and timely sown areas. It is tolerant to leaf blight and other disease. It gives average yield of 35 qtl/acre.
First plowing-
When possible, plow immediately after the previous harvest- especially if the soil is still moist. You can also irrigate the field to soften the soil. Use a disc or mould-board plow to kill weeds and incorporate crop residue, preferably 6-8 weeks before planting, with a maximum recommended depth of 10 cm. invert the soil for the required depth. The first harrowing is done along the plowing pattern to break the soil clods. Harrow the field 2-3 times at 5-7 days intervals. Apply lime once every three crop seasons for acid soils.
How to prepare the field for rice nursery-
Proper field preparation is crucial for your harvest, and it is necessary for rice production to minimize competition with weeds. Here are some recommendations-
- When possible, plow field immediately after the previous harvest- especially if the soil is still moist. You can also irrigate the field to soften the soil. Another option would be to release water by the canals to soften the soil.
- First or primary plowing: Use a disc or moldboard plow to kill weeds and incorporate crop residue, preferably 6-8 weeks before planting with the maximum recommended depth (7-10cm). Apply available compost or decomposed farmyard manure (FYM) at least one month before transplanting.
- Second plowing: Plow across the field with the disc or tine harrow at least twice to make small clod sizes. You can use a hand power tool or animal power.
- Second Plowing should be 2-3 weeks before planting. It is important to plough when the soil is very wet. This breaks up all of the soil structure and allows for proper puddling. Last harrowing should be 1 week before planting with maximum recommended depth.
- Plough across the field with the disc or tine harrow at least twice to make small clod sizes. Second plowing should be 2-3 weeks before planting. It is important to plough when the soil is very wet. This breaks up all of the soil structure and allows for proper puddling. Last harrowing should be 1 week before planting with mximum recommended depth.
- Repair bunds/dikes, destroy rat burrows, repair any holes and cracks, and make the bunds compact. Bunds/dikes should be at least 0.5m high and 1m wide.
- Leveling the field will give better water coverage, better crop establishment, and better weed control.
Select a good nursery site-
Install your rice nursery in an accessible and sunny place close to the rice fields and water source, and sheltered from animals and birds. Do not install your nursery in the shadeof tress, as this will weaken the seedlings.
Prepare nurseries-
Wet bed nursery:
It is done in region having adequate water availability. Nursery area is about 1/10 of the area to be transplanted. Broadcast Pre-germinated seeds on puddled and levelled soil. Keep the beds moist for the first few days. Do not flood the beds. When the seedlings are about 2 cm high, keep the beds submerged in a shallow layer of water. Apply dose of 26 kg/acre Urea about a fortnight after sowing. For transplantation use seedlings of 15-21 days or when seedlings are 25-30 cm long. Regularly irrigate the nursery.
Dry Bed:
It is prepared in dry soil condition. Total seed bed area is about 1/10 of the area to be transplanted. Make seed bed of convenient dimensions with the soil raised at height of 6-10 cm. Spread half burned rice husk on these beds for easy uprooting. Irrigation should be done properly because less moisture can damage seedling. Incorporate basal fertilizer for proper nutrients.
Modified Mat nursery:
This is the modified method of nursery making which require less space and less quantity of seeds. It can be cultivated at any place having flat surface and assured water supply. The area needed is about 1% of the transplantable land. Establishing seedlings in 4 cm layer of soil mix, arranged on a firm surface. Make 1 meter wide and 20-30 meter long plot and spread plastic sheet or banana leaves on it. Place a wooden frame with 4 cm deep and then fill the frame with soil mixture. Sow the pre-germinated seed in it and cover them with dry soil. Immediately sprinkle water on it. Irrigate frame as and when needed and keep it moist. Seedlings are ready for transplanting within 11 to 14 days of sowing. Transport seedling mat to field and separate them and transplant 1-2 seedlings at 20×20 cm or 25×25 cm spacing.
Sowing in the nursery-
The quantity of seeds to sow will depend on the variety. For 1 acre of transplanted rice, you will need to sow in your nursery:
- 12 kg for long-duration varieties.
- 16 kg for medium-duration varieties.
- 25 kg for short-duration varieties.
- 4 kg for hybrids.
Tips:-
- Sowing your seeds in wet-bed nursery if you live in an area with a sufficient water supply.
- Irrigate the nursery bed when water is required.
- Keep the water level between 2 and 5 cm.
Prevention for weed growth-
- Plow and harrow in fallow field at least 10-14 days apart or after rain.
- Since weeds have already germinated, they should be visible.
- Apply permanent water early because weeds cannot germinate under water.
- Remove weeds from fields before applying fertilizers to your crops. Fertilizers would also feed undesirable weeds.
Fertilize the nursery-
- Apply the suggested amount of nitrogen fertilizer after 10 days of seedling emergence.
- The recommended amount of fertilizer is 16 kg of DAP per acre or 6.5 kg of urea per acre + 46 kg of super phosphate per acre.
- Apply as a top dressing into your nursery.
Bacterial Leaf Blight: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae
Symptoms of damage-
- Seedling wilt or kresek
- Water-soaked to yellowish stripes on leaf blades or starting at leaf tips then later increase in lengthand width with a wavy margin
- Appearance of bacterial ooze that looks like a milky or opaque dewdrop on young lesions early in the morning
- Lessions turn yellow to white as the disease advances
- If the cuts end of leaf is kept in water it becomes turbid because of bacterial ooze.
Second plowing-
Plow in the transverse direction using a two-wheel tractor with a rotary, or if you use buffaloes, use the traditional plow. Plowing will help to remove weeds and break large soil particles into smaller particles. Plow across the field with the disc or tine harrow at least twice.
Broadcast the fertilizer into the soil (just before transplanting) and till lightly into the soil.
Repair bunds/dikes, destroy rat burrows, repair any holes and cracks, and re-compact the bunds.
Bunds/dikes should be at least 0.5m high and 1m wide.
Fertilize nursery before transplanting-
Broadcast 10% of your available nitrogen evenly on your field, all of your phosphorus and potassium, and incorporate the fertilizers just before sowing or transplanting as a basal dose slightly into the soil.
Apply 6 kg of urea/acre, 21 kg DAP/acre and 23 kg MOP/acre.
Do not us chemical fertilizer if you need more than a 5 kg paddy to pay for 1 kg of fertilizer. Fertilizers must be stored in a dry, cool place.
Do not apply high rates of fertilizer for traditional varieties, as they may have limited response and cause lodging.
Caution:-
Excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers, particularly during flowering, causes sterility and consequently, a significant reduction in yield.
Leveling the paddy field-
- Level the field by using an animal-drawn wooden plank or riding-type leveler.
- Use a leveling harrower.
- Remove excess water in the field before harrowing.
- Apply a basal fertilizer mixture and harrow afterwards. The objective of adding before harrowing is to allow the fertilizers to get the mixed well into the soil. The major fertilizers that should be added include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Prevent and control yellow stem borer
Prior to transplanting your seedlings to the main field, chemical and biological control methods exists to control and prevent damage from yellow stem borer:
Chemical control:- Always consider an integrated approach with preventive measures together with biological treatments, if available. Soak the roots of the seedlings in 0.02% chlorpyriphos for 12-14 hours before transplanting to provide protection from the attacks of stem borer for upto 30 days. Pheromone traps may significantly decimate stem borer populations. Use of resistant varieties. monitor the seedbeds and fields regularly. Handpick and destroy egg masses in seedbeds and during transplanting.
Biological control:- Cutting the leaf-top before transplanting reduces the carryover of eggs from the seedbed to the field. Raising the level of irrigation water submerges the eggs deposited on the lower parts of the plant and also helps to control the populations.
Transplanting of rice seedlings
Manual transplanting is suitable for fields with sub-optimal leveling and varying water levels. Transplant 20-30 days old seedlings from the rice nursery in lines with appropriate spacing into a puddled and water-stagnated field. Transplant them as fast as possible, ideally within 30 minutes of pulling out the seedlings. Plant your seedlings 20 x 20 cm.
- Pull out the seedlings at an average of 20-30 days after seeding (DAS) from nurseries and transport them to the main field. Traditional varieties can often be transplanted later than modern varieties with little effect on yield. Transplant the seedlings soon after pulling from the nursery in a puddle and leveled field (any delay will lead to slow revival or even death of some seedlings). The pulled out seedlings should be stored in water.
- Maintain the water level at 3-10 cm.
- Transplant 2-3mseedlings per hill at shallow depth at optimum spacing (20 cm x 20 cm or 22.5 cm x 22.5 cm). Handle seedlings carefully to ensure their fast revival and rapid growth after transplanting.
Pre-emergence herbicide in rice-
Use Butachlor 50 EC @ 1200 ml/acre or Thiobencarb 50 EC @ 1200 ml or Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1000 ml or Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 600 ml per acre as pre-emergence herbicides, 2 to 3 days after transplanting. Mix any one of these herbicides in 60 kg of sand per acre and broadcast uniformly in 4-5 cm deep standing water.
Irrigation-
After transplanting, water levels should be around 3 cm initially, and gradually increase to 5-10 cm as the crop grows. The water levels should remain there until the field is drained 7-10 days before harvest. It is particularly important to ensure that continous flooding is provided during these critical stages:
- Panicle initiation.
- Booting stage.
- Heading stage.
- Flowering stage.
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