Bacterial Stalk Rot:
Symptoms:
- The basal internodes develop soft rot and give a water soaked appearance. A mild sweet fermenting odour accompanies such rotting. Leaves some time show signs of wilting and affected plants topple down in few days. Ears and shank may also show rot. They fail to develop further and the ears hang down simply from the plant.
Management:
- Cultural Control- Use of disease resistance varieties, i.e. Hybrids Ganga Safed‐2, DHM 103. Sanitation‐ removal of infected crop residues. Avoid water logging and poor drainage.
- Chemical Control- Three application of Bleaching Powder 10% @6.7 kg/acre at the time of sowing, earthing up and tesseling stage.
Charcoal Rot:
Symptoms:
- The stalk of the infected plants can be recognized by greyish streak. The pith becomes shredded and greyish black minute sclerotia develop on the vascular bundles. Shredding of the interior of the stalk often causes stalks to break in the region of the crown. The crown region of the infected plant becomes dark in colour. Shredding of root bark and disintegration of root system are the common features.
Management:
- Cultural Control– Long crop rotation with crops that are not natural host of the fungus. Field sanitation. Irrigate the crops at the time of ear head emergence to maturity. Grow disease resistant varieties, viz., DHM 103, DHM 105 and Ganga Safed. Apply potash @ 32 kg/acre in endemic areas.
- Biological Control- Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens or Trichoderma viride @ 1 kg /acre + 50 kg of well decomposed FYM (mix 10 days before application) or sand at 30 days after sowing.
- Chemical Control- Treat the seeds with Carbendazim 50 % WP or Captan 50 % WP @ 2g/kg.
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